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undergraduate thesis
Centralna procesorska jedinica
2014. urn:nbn:hr:225:366702
Momčilović, Norman
Algebra University College

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Momčilović, N. (2014). Centralna procesorska jedinica (Undergraduate thesis). Zagreb: Algebra University College. Retrieved from https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:225:366702

Momčilović, Norman. "Centralna procesorska jedinica." Undergraduate thesis, Algebra University College, 2014. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:225:366702

Momčilović, Norman. "Centralna procesorska jedinica." Undergraduate thesis, Algebra University College, 2014. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:225:366702

Momčilović, N. (2014). 'Centralna procesorska jedinica', Undergraduate thesis, Algebra University College, accessed 23 April 2024, https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:225:366702

Momčilović N. Centralna procesorska jedinica [Undergraduate thesis]. Zagreb: Algebra University College; 2014 [cited 2024 April 23] Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:225:366702

N. Momčilović, "Centralna procesorska jedinica", Undergraduate thesis, Algebra University College, Zagreb, 2014. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:225:366702

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Metadata
TitleCentralna procesorska jedinica
AuthorNorman Momčilović
MentorMilan Korać (mentor)
GranterAlgebra University College
Zagreb
Defense date and country2014-09-30, Croatia
Scientific / art field,
discipline and subdiscipline		TECHNICAL SCIENCES
Computing
Abstract
Centralna procesorska jednica (engl. Central Procesing Unit, skraćeno CPU) je glavna i središnja komponenta svakog računala koja služi za prihvaćanje i obradu binarnih podatka te zatim tako obrađene podatke predaje ostalim dijelovima računala. Osnovni dijelovi svakog procesora su: aritmetičko-logička jedinica, upravljačka jedinica i registri. Čimbenici koji utječu na snagu procesora su: frekvencija radnog takta, duljina procesorske riječi koju obrađuje, količina priručne memorije i dr. Kako su se računala razvijala povećavala se frekvancija rada procesora što je postignuto ugradnjom većeg broja tranzistora na sve manje čipove. Suosnivač tvrtke Intel, Sam Gordon Moore, izjavio je: „Broj tranzistora koji se po najpovoljnijoj cijeni mogu smijestiti na čip udvostručavati će se otprilike svake 2 godine“. Upravo ova rečenica je poznata kao Moorov zakon. Međutim, povećanjem broja tranzistora na čipu povećan je utrošak energije, te zagrijavanje procesora. U trenutku kada su proizvođači procesora naišli na problem prevelikog zagrijavanja procesora shvatili su da takav način proizvodnje više nije moguć. Riješenje problema su vidjeli u povećanju broja jezgri unutar jednog procesora što dovodi do porasta performansi uz smanjeno zagrijavanje i niži takt jezgri. Tako danas postoje procesori sa 2, 4, 6 ili čak 8 jezgri koji omogućuju korisnicima ugodan rad na računalu i brzo izvođenje zadataka. Ovaj pristup ima svoje prednosti kao što su paralelno izvođenje programa, isključivanje neaktivnih jezgri, međutim postoje i nedostaci gdje brzina memorije postaje glavni faktor brzine računala te se ubrzanje vidi samo u aplikacijama koje znaju iskoristiti više jezgri. Za razliku od stolnih varijanti procesora u današnje mobilne uređaje ugrađuju se SOC čipovi koji omogućava potpunu zamjenu stolnih računala. Trenutno vodeći proizvođači procesora za stolna i prijenosna računala su Intel i AMD dok se izradom SOC čipova bave Qualcomm, Samsung, Nvidia i mnogi drugi proizvođači. Budućnost procesora se vidi u nanocijevima koje bi mogle potpuno preokrenuti današnje poimanje računala i njegovih performansi.
Abstract (english)
Central processing unit is the main and central component of every computer that is used for receiving and processing the binary data and then processed by the data submitted to other parts of the computer. The main parts of each processor are: arithmetic-logic unit, control unit and registers. Factors affecting the processing power are: frequency clock speed, the length of a processor word that is processed, the amount of cache memory, and others. As computers evolved, frequency of processor was increased using a larger number of transistors into smaller chips. Co-founder of Intel, Gordon Moore said: " processor speeds, or overall processing power for computers will double every two years." This clause is known as Moore's Law. However, increasing the number of transistors on a chip increased energy consumption, and process heating. At a time when the processor encountered saw a problem overheating processors and realized that this type of production is no longer possible. Solution to the problem were seen in the increasing the number of cores within a single processor which leads to an increase in performance with reduced heat and lower core clock. So today there are processors with 2,4,6 or even 8 cores that allow users comfortable working on a computer and better performance while doing tasks. This approach has advantages such as parallel executions of the programs, the turning off inactive cores but there are also disadvantages such as memory speed becomes a major factor of computer speed and acceleration is seen only in applications that know how to take advantage of multiple cores. Unlike the desktop versions of processors in today's mobile devices are installed "SOC" chips that allow the complete replacement of desktop computers. The current leading manufacturers of processors for desktops and laptops are Intel and AMD while the SOC chips are created by Qualcomm, Samsung, Nvidia and many other manufacturers. The future of processors is seen in nanotubes that could completely reverse the contemporary understanding of the computer and its performances.
Keywords
Keywords (english)
Languagecroatian
URN:NBNurn:nbn:hr:225:366702
Study programmeTitle: Computer Engineering - Undergraduate Professional Program
Study programme type: professional
Study level: undergraduate
Academic / professional title: stručni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka računarstva (stručni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka računarstva)
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Created on2019-05-17 17:03:10